Conflict of Interest Policy

The journal is committed to ensuring transparent, fair, and independent editorial decision-making. Authors, editors, and reviewers must disclose any financial or non-financial interests that could influence, or reasonably be perceived to influence, their work or decisions.

Authors

Authors must disclose relevant conflicts of interest, including financial relationships, employment, consultancies, funding, personal relationships, professional competition, and other interests that may affect the research or its interpretation.

If no conflict exists, authors should include the following statement:

"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest related to the publication of this article."

All relevant funding sources must be disclosed.

Editors

Editors must not handle manuscripts in which they have a personal, professional, financial, or institutional conflict of interest. Where a conflict exists, the manuscript must be assigned to an independent editor.

Reviewers

Reviewers must disclose potential conflicts before accepting a review assignment and decline the invitation if their impartiality may be compromised.

Undisclosed Conflicts

If an undisclosed conflict is identified, the journal will assess the circumstances and may request additional disclosure, publish a correction, initiate an investigation, or take other appropriate editorial action.

Editorial decisions are based on scholarly quality, originality, methodological rigor, relevance, and ethical compliance, rather than personal, financial, or institutional interests.