Biomassa sebagai Transisi Energi Terhadap Potensi, Daya Saing Ekonomi, dan Dampak Emisi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37859/jst.v13i1.11829
Abstract
Indonesia possesses abundant biomass resources with significant potential to support the transition toward a sustainable energy system. This study evaluates the energy potential of major biomass resources in Indonesia, including oil palm residues, rice residues, corn residues, livestock manure, sugarcane bagasse, municipal solid waste, and cassava residues. A combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches was employed using national statistical data, government reports, and scientific literature. Energy potential was estimated based on biomass availability, calorific value, conversion efficiency, and energy losses during utilization. The results show that biomass has the potential to generate 30.76 GW of energy, equivalent to 12.8% of Indonesia’s final energy consumption in 2023. Oil palm residues provide the largest contribution (13.34 GW), followed by rice residues (7.12 GW) and livestock manure (5.49 GW). Despite ongoing challenges related to fossil fuel dependence, greenhouse gas emissions, and deforestation, biomass offers a promising alternative energy source. Furthermore, the Gross External Damages (GED) analysis indicates that biomass is more economically competitive than fossil fuels when environmental costs are considered. These findings highlight the strategic role of biomass in supporting Indonesia’s sustainable energy transition, climate change mitigation, and societal welfare improvement.
Downloads
References
Amiruddin, A., Liebman, A., Dargaville, R., & Gawler, R. (2024). Optimal energy storage configuration to support 100 % renewable energy for Indonesia. Energy for Sustainable Development, 81(February).
Presiden Republik Indonesia. (2017). Peraturan Presiden Nomor 22 Tahun 2017 tentang Rencana Umum Energi Nasional. Jakarta: Pemerintah Indonesia.
Reyseliani, N., Pratama, Y. W., Hidayatno, A., Mac Dowell, N., & Purwanto, W. W. (2024). Power sector decarbonisation in developing and coal-producing countries: A case study of Indonesia. Journal of Cleaner Production, 454(January).
Halimatussadiah, A., Kruger, W., Wagner, F., Afifi, F. A. R., Lufti, R. E. G., & Kitzing, L. (2024). The country of perpetual potential: Why is it so difficult to procure renewable energy in Indonesia? Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 201(April).
Rhofita, E. I., Ouaret, R., Montastruc, L., & Meyer, M. (2024). Mapping analysis of farmers’ perceptions of rice straw valorization in Indonesia. Environmental Development.
Anditya, C., Lasnawatin, F., Prananto, A. B., & Halim, L. (2023). Handbook of Energy and Economic Statistics of Indonesia 2023 (2023 editi). Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Republic of Indonesia.
Hersaputri, L. D., Yeganyan, R., Cannone, C., Plazas-Niño, F. A., Osei-Owusu, S., Kountouris, Y., & Howells, M. (2024). Technoeconomic data and assumptions for long-term energy systems modelling in Indonesia. Data in Brief.
Wibisono, H., Lovett, J., Chairani, M. S., & Suryani, S. (2024). The ideational impacts of Indonesia’s renewable energy project failures. Energy for Sustainable Development.
Energy Institute - Statistical Review of World Energy. (2024, September 13). Renewable Energy. Retrieved from Our World in Data:
https://ourworldindata.org/renewable-energy
Met Office Hadley Centre. (2024, October 12). Average temperature anomaly, Global. Retrieved from Our World in Data: https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/temperature-anomaly
Richie, H., Rosado, P., & Roser, M. (2024, January 13). Greenhouse gas emissions. Retrieved from Our World in
Global Carbon Budget. (2024, November 25). Per capita CO₂ emissions. Retrieved from Our World in Data
. Selamat Datang di Situs Basis Data Statistik Pertanian
Susilawardani, Rizal, A., & Hartini. (2022). Analisis Rendemen Tandan Buah Sawit Berdasarkan Tahun Tanam Dan Varietas
Bejarano, P. A. C., Rodriguez-Miranda, J. P., Maldonado-Astudillo, R. I., Maldonado-Astudillo, Y. I., & Salazar, R. (2022). Circular Economy Indicators for the Assessment of Waste and By-Products from the Palm Oil Sector. Processes, 10(5).
Hidayat, W., Rani, I. T., Yulianto, T., Febryano, I. G., Iryani, D. A., Hasanudin, U., Lee, S., Kim, S., Yoo, J., & Haryanto, A. (2020). Peningkatan Kualitas Pelet Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit melalui Torefaksi Menggunakan Reaktor Counter-Flow Multi Baffle (COMB). Jurnal Rekayasa Proses, 14(2), 182.
Quispe, I., Navia, R., & Kahhat, R. (2017). Energy potential from rice husk through direct combustion and fast pyrolysis: A review. Waste Management, 59, 200–210
Kerdsuwan, S., & Laohalidanond, K. (2015). Approach of using Corn Residue as Alternative Energy Source for Power Production: A Case Study of the Northern Plain Area of Thailand. In Energy Procedia (Vol. 79). Elsevier B.V.
Sahu, P. K., Chakradhari, S., Dewangan, S., & Patel, K. S. (2016). Combustion Characteristics of Animal Manures. Journal of Environmental Protection, 07(06), 951–960.
Muller, N. Z., Mendelsohn, R., & Nordhaus, W. (2011). Environmental Accounting for Pollution in the United States Economy. American Economic Review, 101, 1649–1675.
Simangunsong, B. C. H., Sitanggang, V. J., Manurung, E. G. T., Rahmadi, A., Moore, G. A., Aye, L., & Tambunan, A. H. (2017). Potential forest biomass resource as feedstock for bioenergy and its economic value in Indonesia. Forest Policy and Economics, 81(April 2017), 10–17.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Jusnita Jusnita, Resky Gerhana Hidayatullah, Dwi Annisa Fithry
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
