Access Control Box System with Wi-Fi Manager on ESP32 and Fingerprint Authentication Based on Android Application

Abstract

A storage box is an essential container for securing valuable items and offers the flexibility to be placed in various locations. This research aims to implement the AC-Box (Access Control Box) system based on the Internet of Things (IoT), focusing on ease of network configuration and access security. The system utilizes an ESP32 integrated with a Wi-Fi Manager feature, allowing the device to connect to new networks dynamically without the need for reprogramming (hardcoding). For the security mechanism, fingerprint authentication is employed via the smartphone's built-in biometric sensor, which is connected to an Android application as the user interface. Based on testing results across two network types—a ZTE Wi-Fi access point and a smartphone hotspot—the system performs adequately in responding to every unlock command. The average delay on the ZTE Wi-Fi access point was 384.2 ms, categorized as "Medium," while the smartphone hotspot recorded 566.7 ms, categorized as "Poor" according to TIPHON standards. The initial connection time via Wi-Fi Manager ranged from 806.1 ms to 3,151.4 ms. Fingerprint authentication security testing successfully recognized 5 registered fingerprints and immediately activated the solenoid lock. Conversely, 25 unregistered fingerprints were rejected by the system, resulting in no commands being sent by the application and the box remaining locked. These results prove that the system can accurately validate access and prevent unauthorized entry. In conclusion, the AC-Box serves as a practical, secure, and efficient access system solution for personal storage needs.