LIMITS OF TERRITORIAL AUTHORITY OF DOMESTIC COURTS THROUGH THE INTERPRETATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF UNIVERSALITY AFTER THE DECISION OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT NUMBER 89/PUU/XX/2022
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37859/jeq.v11i3.11947
Abstract
Eradicating extraordinary crimes requires extraterritorial jurisdiction to prevent impunity for perpetrators of gross human rights violations. This article aims to examine the limits of domestic court jurisdiction in responding to international crimes through the application of universal jurisdiction. This research is normative legal research employing statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The collection of legal materials is conducted through library research and then analyzed using the prescriptive analytical method. The findings indicate the court's refusal to expand pure extraterritorial jurisdiction under the pretext of territorial sovereignty and the non-intervention principle. Domestic courts maintain the application of territorial and active personality jurisdictions. This sovereignty limitation creates a void in the judicial mechanism for prosecuting foreign perpetrators for extraordinary crimes abroad. The absence of universal jurisdiction isolates the national legal order from the dynamics of global criminal law
Downloads
References
Bibliography
Books
Mau, Hedwig Adianto, and Tinton Ditisrama. Indonesian Constitutional Law: Theory and Application. Jakarta: Amerta Media, 2022.
Melzer, Nils. International Humanitarian Law: A Comprehensive Introduction. Geneva: ICRC, 2019.
Mujiburohman, Dian Aries. Introduction to Constitutional Law. Yogyakarta: STPN Press, 2017.
Pitaloka, Diva, et al. Introduction to International Law. Jakarta: Mega Press, 2023.
Sitabuana, Tundjung Herning. Indonesian Constitutional Law. Jakarta: Constitution Press, 2020.
Smith, Rhona K. M., et al. Human Rights Law. Yogyakarta: PUSHAM UII, 2008.
Scientific Journal
Anisah, Aura, et al. "Challenges in the Implementation of ICC Jurisdiction in Law Enforcement of Genocide Crimes in Non-Party States." Media Hukum Indonesia (MHI) 3, no. 4 (2025).
Apaut, Yosep Copertino, and Carles Ino Fallo. "The Implementation of Human Rights in the Indonesian Legal System: A Review of Legal Philosophy." SCIENCE MIKUM: Journal of Science, Economics, Management, Accounting and Law 2, no. 4 (2025).
Armeliyanti, and Vivi Amelia. "State Responsibility for the Crime of Genocide According to International Law." Journal of Legal Sovereignty 1, no. 2 (2025).
Dewi, Egalita Basita, et al. "A Review of Crises and Human Rights Violations in Conflict Areas through Legal and Ethical Approaches." Journal of Science Lanterns (JLI) 1, no. 1 (2025).
Edrisy, Ibrahim Fikma, and Angelina Putri. "Indonesian Law and Human Rights: Evolution, Struggle, and Hope." PESHUM: Journal of Education, Social and Humanities 5, no. 2 (2026).
Hanifa, Ade Putri, Riyanti Angelina, and H. Zaenudin. "Implications and Constraints of the Application of International Criminal Law in the Age of Global Modernization (Case Study of the Rohingya Massacre in Myanmar)." Synergy: Multidisciplinary Scientific Journal 2, no. 1 (2026).
Ismail, Andi Muh, Abdul Rahman, and Nurfadhilah Mappaselleng. "Criminal Law Analysis of Genocide as a Human Rights Violation in Indonesia." Legal Dialogica 1, no. 1 (2025).
Joli, Angelika. "Juridical Analysis of Israeli Aggression in Palestine: Perspectives of International Criminal Law and Islamic Criminal Law on the Sanction of Genocide in Rome Statute, Part 7, No. 77 of 1998." Maqasid: Journal of Islamic Law Studies 14, no. 2 (2025).
Manurung, Marzuki, et al. "International Human Rights and Its Enforcement in Indonesia." Journal of Mudabbir 5, no. 2 (2025).
Nandiwardhana, Anak Agung Gede Agung, and I Gusti Ngurah Nyoman Krisnadi Yudiantara. "The Problem of the Implementation of Chemical Castal Sanctions Reviewed from Legal and Human Rights Principles." Journal of Academic Media (JMA) 3, no. 8 (2025).
Ramli, Muh., Ahmadin, and Bakhtiar. "Human Rights: Facts, Principles, and Violations." PESHUM: Journal of Education, Social and Humanities 4, no. 4 (2025).
Rasidi, Ibrahim Abdillah, and Mochamad Kemal Al Farizi. "The Implementation of the Second Precept of Pancasila in the Protection of Human Rights: A Perspective of Humanism Theory and the Declaration of Human Rights." (2025). (Note: Journal name is not listed in original data)
Royhan, Jenniefer. "Analysis of Thomas Aquinas's Natural Law Thought in the Context of Human Rights Protection in Indonesia." Das Sollen: Journal of Contemporary Studies of Law and Society 4, no. 1 (2025).
Setiaji, Muhammad Bayu, et al. "Human Rights in the Perspective of Liberalism." Economics: Journal of Economics and Business 1, no. 3 (2026).
Sugari, Dedi, and Hilalludin. "Human Rights in the Perspective of Islamic Law: Between Universalism and Particularism." IMANU: Journal of Islamic Law and Civilization 1, no. 1 (2025).
Wiritanaya, Inge Nur Az'zahra Maheswari Dharmalingga, and Irwan Triadi. "Human Rights as the Principle of Jus Cogens: A Philosophical Study of Law." Studia: Journal of Humanities and Education Studies 1, no. 1 (2025).
Zahra, Nisma Ikrimatuz, and Aulia Bintang Salsabilla Kurniawan. "A Comparison of Principles Between Human Rights Law and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights." QOSIM: Journal of Education, Social & Humanities 3, no. 4 (2025).
Zebua, Efiziduhu, et al. "The Settlement of Genocide Crimes Committed by the Myanmar Government Against the Rohingya Muslim Ethnic in Myanmar in the Perspective of International Criminal Law." INNOVATIVE: Journal Of Social Science Research 5, no. 4 (2025).
Laws and Regulations and Court Decisions
Indonesia. Law Number 26 of 2000 concerning the Human Rights Court.
Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia. Decision Number 89/PUU-XX/2022 regarding the Examination of Law Number 26 of 2000 concerning the Human Rights Court. April 14, 2023.
Papers and Working Papers
Marzuki, Suparman. "Human Rights Court." The paper was presented at the Scientific Banquet on Human Rights Law for Educators of the Semarang Police Academy, Yogyakarta, May 16-18, 2017.
