Photon: Jurnal Sain dan Kesehatan

Physiological of Various Genotypes of Cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) Under Heat Stress

Riri Fitria Nanda — 2025-12-06

Global warming poses a significant threat to agricultural sustainability, as high temperatures can disrupt plant physiology and reduce productivity in heat-sensitive crops like cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.). This study aimed to evaluate the morpho-physiological responses of cayenne pepper genotypes to heat stress. The research was conducted in a greenhouse at the University of Riau, Indonesia, from July to November 2023. The experiment employed a split-plot design; the main plots consisted of two temperature regimes (daily ambient temperature vs. heat stress conditions of 4°C–8°C above ambient), while the sub-plots comprised four genotypes: Pelita, Dewata, Bara, and Taruna. Observed parameters included physiological traits (stomatal conductance, transpiration rate) and morphological traits (plant height, stem diameter, leaf characteristics, flowering, harvest age, and fruit weight). Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by a Tukey’s HSD test at α = 0.05. The results indicated that heat stress significantly affected stomatal conductance, transpiration rates, and vegetative growth, leading to an overall reduction in fruit weight across all genotypes. However, specific adaptive responses varied. The Taruna genotype demonstrated superior physiological adaptation, characterized by stability in stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, and leaf morphology. Conversely, in terms of yield, the Dewata genotype produced the highest fruit weight per plant under heat stress conditions compared to Pelita, Bara, and Taruna. These findings highlight that while Taruna exhibits robust physiological defense mechanisms, Dewata maintains better production potential under thermal stress, providing critical genetic resources for developing climate-resilient varieties.

Stingless Beehive Entrance Shape and Size in the Imbo Putui Customary Forest, Kampar Regency

Novia Rahman — 2025-11-30

Imbo Putui Customary Forest supports high biodiversity, including stingless bees; however, data regarding the specific morphology of their nest entrances in this region remain limited. This study aimed to characterize the entrance funnel length, diameter, nest height, color, shape, and nesting habitat conditions of stingless bees in Imbo Putui Forest. The study employed a survey method with purposive sampling across three zones: roadside (Zone I), forest interior (Zone II), and riparian/oil palm plantation areas (Zone III). Eight stingless bee species were identified: Heterotrigona itama, Tetragonula laeviceps (black and yellow), Tetragonilla collina, Tetragonula drescheri, Tetragonula testaceitarsis, Tetragonula iridipennis, and Homotrigona fimbriata. Nest measurements indicated funnel lengths of 1–27 cm, entrance diameters of 5–20 mm, and nest heights ranging from 1 cm to 1000 cm. Morphologically, the nest entrances were predominantly round or oval in shape, with colors consistently ranging from brownish black to grayish brown.

Article Review: The Role of Botany in Forensic Investigations

Zakia Afdhil — 2025-11-30

Botany is the study of plants and plant life. Forensic botany is the study of plants, their relation to law and legal issues and can be used as evidence in a case. The characteristics and parts of each plant can be used as evidence when found on the body or things related to a person or the scene of a case. Botanical evidence found at a crime scene can be used to assist the investigation process related to the relationship between the victim, the perpetrator and the scene. The evidence found can be evidence that can be seen directly and microscopic evidence that requires laboratory analysis for identification, therefore forensic botanical analysis must be carried out by experts in the field of botany. Forensic botanical evidence in an investigation can provide information related to the estimated time of death, how long the victim was buried, the cause and manner of death.

Forensic Anthropology: Morphometric Study of The Sternum Using Computed Tomography Scan to Differentiate Sex Across Various Countries (Literature Review)

Chrisma Virginia Toisuta — 2025-11-30

The discovery of bodies in Indonesia is a frequent occurrence. Identifying these bodies requires determining the gender, height, and other physical characteristics to narrow down the search for the victim's identity. Computed tomography (CT) is the modality of choice for evaluating the anatomical details and pathological conditions of the sternum, sternoclavicular joints, and surrounding soft tissues. Given this issue, the researchers were interested in conducting a literature review on morphometric studies of the sternum using computed tomography scans to differentiate gender in various countries. The research method employed was descriptive observational, utilizing a literature review design from several articles published within the last 15 years. The articles selected for this study were based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria set by the researchers. A total of 20 articles were used in this study. Conclusion, The literature review shows that the increasing number of morphometric studies, particularly in different populations, provides valuable data for researchers. CT can be utilized for the morphometric analysis of living subjects or discovered bones. If parts of the skeleton, such as the pelvis or skull, are not found or are damaged, forensic specialists and forensic anthropologists can accurately estimate gender using the sternum.

Antimalarial Activity of Ugonin J and Ugonin K Isolated from Tunjuk Langit (Helminthostachys zeylanica)

Nurul Vadilla Alvi — 2025-11-30

Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes, and remains a significant global health issue. This study aimed to identify the antimalarial activity of Ugonin K isolated from Tunjuk langit (Helminthostachys zeylanica). The in vitro antimalarial assay was conducted using the 3D7 strain of Plasmodium falciparum, which is sensitive to chloroquine, with Ugonin K concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 100 µg/mL. The parasitemia percentage was assessed at 48 hours post-treatment, and the percentage inhibition was calculated. The results showed a significant dose-dependent inhibition, with an IC₅₀ value of 0.12 µg/mL, indicating potent antimalarial activity. Ugonin K exhibited effective inhibition of parasitemia at concentrations as low as 1 µg/mL, supporting its potential as a promising antimalarial agent. This study suggests that Helminthostachys zeylanica could be a valuable source of antimalarial compounds.

The Synthesis and Molecular Docking Assay of 2-(3-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-oxopyridazin-1(6H)-yl)acetohydrazide as a candidate for breast anticancer

putri shalihah — 2025-11-30

Piridazinon merupakan golongan senyawa heterosiklik dengan aktivitas biologis yang luas, salah satunya sebagai antikanker. Penelitian ini mensintesis turunan piridazinon yang disubstitusi N-asetohidrazida dan mengevaluasi potensinya sebagai terapi kanker payudara melalui studi docking molekuler. Senyawa target, 2-(3-(3-metoksifenil)-6-oksopiridazina-1(6H)-il)asetohidrazida (3) , disintesis melalui tiga langkah reaksi: kondensasi untuk membentuk inti piridzinon, fungsionalisasi etil kloroasetat pada posisi nitrogen, dan substitusi gugus etoksi dengan hidrazin hidrat. Rendemen yang diperoleh adalah 48,14%. Kemurnian senyawa yang disintesis dikonfirmasi melalui penentuan titik leleh dan analisis kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi (HPLC), yang menunjukkan satu puncak dominan. Elucidasi struktur menggunakan Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), spektrometri massa (MS), resonansi magnetik nuklir proton ( ^1H -NMR), dan resonansi magnetik nuklir karbon-13 ( ^13C -NMR) memverifikasi struktur yang diharapkan. Studi penambatan molekuler terhadap tirosin kinase (PDB ID: 3ERT) menunjukkan bahwa senyawa (3) memiliki energi bebas pengikatan sebesar -7,93 kkal/mol, dengan dua ikatan hidrogen yang terbentuk dengan residu Glu353 dan Leu387. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa senyawa (3) belum menunjukkan aktivitas penghambatan yang lebih baik daripada tamoxifen. Meskipun demikian, senyawa ini memenuhi karakteristik fisikokimia yang baik berdasarkan aturan Lipinski, sehingga tetap menjanjikan untuk pengembangan lebih lanjut.