Photon: Jurnal Sain dan Kesehatan

Physiology and Growth of Acacia crassicarpa Seedlings from Non-Rooted Plantlets

FAUZAN HIDAYATULLAH SEMENDAYA — 2026-05-31

Acacia crassicarpa is an important species for industrial plantation forestry, but a portion of tissue-cultured plantlets fail to develop functional roots during acclimatization. This study evaluated the effects of leaf type and ex vitro rooting hormone application on growth and physiological responses of non-rooted plantlets. A RCBD was applied with two factors: leaf type (pinnate, phyllode, and pinnate–phyllode) and rooting hormone concentration (0, 500, 1000, and 1500 ppm of IBA and NAA). Parameters observed included stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, and seedling height. Results showed that leaf type significantly affected stomatal conductance and early seedling height, but had no significant effect on photosynthetic rate or later growth stages. Rooting hormone concentration and its interaction with leaf type were not significant for all parameters. Early seedling performance was primarily influenced by initial leaf type, while growth was largely constrained by the limited root system of non-rooted plantlets rather than hormone application.

Optimization of Electrophotographic Toner Using Reduced Graphene Oxide and Palm Shell Carbon Aerogel

Delovita Ginting — 2026-05-31

Toner is a powdered ink used in electrophotographic printing technology. This research aims to develop an electrophotographic toner based on carbon aerogel composite of palm shell activated carbon enriched with reduced graphene oxide and polyester resin. Carbon aerogel synthesis was carried out through chemical activation and carbonization process, while toner formulation used Emulsion Aggregation (EA) method. Characterization results showed that the density of toner was 1,31 g/cm³ and toner was 0,81 g/cm³, porosity reached 88%, and the highest electrical conductivity was 18.246 μS/cm. These findings indicate that the integration of carbon aerogel and reduced graphene oxide in toner formulations results in densities close to the range of commercial toners as well as higher porosity than hydrocolloid-based toners. The toner formulation in this study has the potential to support the efficiency of toner usage and printing without reducing the quality of the printed output.

Emission Dispersion Pattern Analysis of Palm Oil Mill Boiler & Genset Chimneys Using AERMOD

Renni Wardiah Nasution — 2026-05-31

PT X is one of the palm oil mills located in the Tenayan Industrial Estate (KIT). Emission sources originate from boiler and generator stacks that produce PM, SO₂, NO₂, CO, and NOₓ. This study aims to analyze the direction of emission distribution from boiler and generator stacks using the AERMOD model. In addition, the study analyzes differences in emission distribution patterns during the dry and rainy seasons. Modeling was conducted using AERMOD by incorporating emission source parameters, meteorological data obtained from the Climate Data Store (CDS), and topographic data from Google Earth Pro. The modeling process consisted of AERMET, AERMAP, and AERMOD stages. The results indicate that the annual maximum concentrations of PM, SO₂, NO₂, CO, and NOₓ are 1,24 μg/m³, 2,17 μg/m³, 4,33 μg/m³, 0,0034 μg/m³, and 0,065 μg/m³, respectively. The annual emission distribution pattern extends toward the southwest, with seasonal variations observed between the dry and rainy seasons.