Kajian Komprehensif Variasi Bentuk Blade Turbin Angin: Analisis Aerodinamika, Biomimetik, dan Efisiensi Energi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37859/jst.v12i2.10569
Abstract
Pengembangan turbin angin modern sangat bergantung pada optimasi desain bilah (blade) untuk memaksimalkan konversi energi kinetik angin menjadi energi mekanik dan listrik. Variasi bentuk blade termasuk modifikasi biomimetik seperti leading-edge tubercles dan trailing-edge serrations, penggunaan winglet pada ujung bilah, desain helical pada turbin sumbu vertikal (VAWT), serta perubahan geometri airfoil dan geometri Savonius merupakan fokus riset utama untuk meningkatkan koefisien daya (Cp), torsi awal, stabilitas aliran, dan pengurangan kebisingan. Artikel ini meninjau 24 jurnal nasional dan internasional dan menganalisis dampak variasi bentuk blade terhadap performa turbin angin. Hasil tinjauan menunjukkan bahwa modifikasi yang diinspirasi oleh alam (biomimetik) dapat secara konsisten meningkatkan efisiensi aerodinamis dan mengurangi gangguan aliran, sementara desain helical dan Savonius yang dioptimalkan sangat cocok untuk kondisi kecepatan angin rendah. Kajian ini menegaskan pentingnya inovasi geometri blade sebagai jalur strategis dalam pengembangan turbin angin yang lebih efisien dan adaptif ke berbagai kondisi lingkungan.
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