The Journal Of Pharmacy

Bioactive Profile and Health Benefits of Wedang Uwuh: A Narrative Mini-Review

Rahmad Darmawan — 2026-06-01

Background: Wedang uwuh is a traditional Indonesian herbal drink made from ginger, sappan wood, clove leaves, nutmeg leaves, rock sugar, and several other spices, and it is known for its health benefits. Objective: This review aims to summarize scientific evidence on the bioactive compounds, biological activities, and health potential of wedang uwuh. Methods: Literature was reviewed from scientific articles discussing the phytochemical composition and pharmacological activities of wedang uwuh. Results: The findings show that wedang uwuh contains polyphenols, flavonoids, gingerol, shogaol, and other bioactive metabolites with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities, and may also support weight management. Conclusion: Wedang uwuh has potential as a functional drink that supports health and represents part of Indonesia’s cultural heritage, although further studies, including toxicity tests and clinical research, are still needed to confirm its safety and effectiveness.

Drug-Related Problems in Patients with Liver Failure: An Analysis of Pharmacokinetic Interactions and Dosing Inappropriateness A Literature Review

Izza Aulia Rizqika Nasution — 2026-06-30

Drug-related problems represent a major challenge in the pharmacotherapeutic management of patients with liver failure due to significant pharmacokinetic alterations, polypharmacy, and inappropriate dosing. Hepatic dysfunction affects drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination, thereby increasing the risk of adverse drug reactions, clinically significant drug–drug interactions, and therapeutic failure. This review aimed to summarize current evidence on the determinants of DRPs in patients with liver failure, focusing on pharmacokinetic changes, dose individualization, polypharmacy, and medication safety. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to identify peer-reviewed studies published between 2015-2026. Keywords included liver failure, liver cirrhosis, drug-related problems, pharmacokinetics, dose adjustment, polypharmacy, and hepatic impairment. Eligible studies evaluated pharmacokinetic alterations, prescribing practices, medication safety, or clinical outcomes in adults with chronic liver disease. The findings consistently showed a high prevalence of DRPs in this population. Approximately one-quarter of commonly used medications required dose adjustment due to altered systemic exposure, while polypharmacy affected nearly one-third of patients and exceeded 50% in several cohorts. Inappropriate prescribing, inadequate dose individualization, and limited use of pharmacokinetic modeling were identified as major contributors to adverse drug reactions, hepatotoxicity, and clinically relevant drug–drug interactions. Additionally, reliance on conventional liver disease classification systems without integrating dynamic hepatic function markers often resulted in suboptimal therapy. Overall, pharmacokinetic alterations, polypharmacy, and inappropriate prescribing are key determinants of DRPs in patients with liver failure, underscoring the importance of individualized dosing, comprehensive medication review, pharmacokinetic modeling, and multidisciplinary pharmaceutical care to improve medication safety.

Isolation and Determination of Antioxidant Activity from Methanol Extract of Uncaria cordata (Lour.) Merr. Leaves

Noveri Rahmawati — 2026-06-30

Uncaria cordata (Lour. Merr. is one plants genus Uncaria growing in Indonesia, there has been no publication content of secondary metabolites are active as antioxidants. Antioxidant activity by DPPH test (1,1-diphenyl-2 pikrilhidrazil) generate IC₅₀ n-hexane extract did not have IC₅₀ values and can only inhibit 34.234% at a concentration of 1000 µg/mL, ethyl acetate extract of 704.478 µg/mL, methanol extract of 6.778 µg/mL. Methanol extract with the highest IC₅₀ isolation by column chromatography and obtained compound isolates F2. In the test with the Lieberman Burchard color reagent terpenoids positive (red) compounds derived from class terpenoids possibility. The results UV spectrum gives maximum absorption at a wavelength of 293.50 nm and 310.5 nm. Infrared spectrum showed absorption 3410 cm-1 (OH), 2933 cm-1 (CH), 1690 cm-1 (C = O), 1457 cm-1 (CH), and 1036 cm-1 (CC). The antioxidant activity (IC₅₀) F2 compounds have not active category.

Aplikasi Smart-Review Untuk Pemantauan Terapi Obat Pasien Geriatri Dengan Stroke Menggunakan Kriteria Stopp/Start V3: Analisis Efisiensi Kerja Dan Validasi Klinis

Dyah Ayu Febiyanti — 2026-07-08

Latar Belakang: Pasien geriatri dengan stroke menghadapi risiko tinggi terhadap Potentially Inappropriate Prescribing (PIP) dan Potential Prescribing Omissions (PPO) akibat multimorbiditas dan polifarmasi. Proses pemantauan terapi obat (PTO) secara manual menggunakan kriteria STOPP/START v3 memerlukan waktu lama dan rentan terhadap kesalahan manusia. Rumusan Masalah: Bagaimana pengembangan dan performa aplikasi SMART-Review berbasis kriteria STOPP/START dalam mendeteksi PIP dan PPO pada pasien geriatri stroke ditinjau dari kecepatan dan akurasi dibandingkan metode manual? Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan aplikasi SMART-Review sebagai Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) berbasis STOPP/START v3, mengukur efisiensi waktu deteksi melalui pendekatan Value Stream Mapping (VSM), serta menilai performa diagnostiknya. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan pengembangan perangkat lunak menggunakan metode Research and Development (R&D) dan model System Development Life Cycle (SDLC), meliputi analisis kebutuhan, perancangan sistem, implementasi prototipe, uji kegunaan terbatas, serta uji validitas diagnostik pada 194 pasien geriatri stroke. Hasil: SMART-Review berhasil mendeteksi 192 kasus PIP dan 9 kasus PPO. Implementasi aplikasi meningkatkan efisiensi waktu kerja dengan menurunkan lead time dari 35 menit 48 detik menjadi 5 menit 39 detik (85,71%). Uji validitas menunjukkan sensitivitas 98,91% dan akurasi 93,30% untuk deteksi PIP, serta spesifisitas 77,78% untuk PPO. Kesimpulan: SMART-Review efektif mempercepat telaah klinis secara konsisten dan akurat serta layak diintegrasikan ke rekam medis elektronik guna meningkatkan keselamatan pasien geriatri. Saran: Integrasi rekam medis elektronik, fitur analisis terapi, dan uji coba lebih luas diharapkan meningkatkan akurasi, kecepatan, dan komprehensivitas pelayanan farmasi klinis geriatri.